On October 5, 2025, Syria will conduct an indirect vote to form its first parliament since Bashar al-Assad’s ousting in December 2024.
The election marks a pivotal step in the country’s transition under President Ahmed al-Sharaa.
Voting Process
Approximately 6,000 electors in regional colleges will choose two-thirds of the 210-seat parliament from 1,570 approved candidates.
Sharaa, a former rebel leader, will appoint the remaining third, raising concerns about centralized power.
Challenges and Exclusions
Citing unreliable population data and war-related displacement, authorities opted for an indirect vote. Elections are postponed in Kurdish-held northeast and Druze-controlled Sweida, leaving 19 seats vacant.
Inclusivity Issues
Critics argue the process lacks representation, particularly for women and minorities. Only a quarter of electoral districts have 20% or more female candidates, with no quotas for women or minorities.
Regional Divide
In Deir al-Zor, the Euphrates River splits voting access. The government-held west will vote, while the Kurdish east won’t. Resident Hassan Mohamed Dalli said, “Syria needs a unified process.”
Historical Context
Under Assad, the 250-seat parliament reserved two-thirds for his Baath party, with women holding 6-13% of seats. The 2024 election was widely criticized as rigged.
Potential Risks
The winner-takes-all system may favor Sunni Muslim men, potentially sidelining minorities. Sharaa’s appointments could either promote inclusivity or consolidate his influence, analysts warn.
Expert Concerns
Haid Haid, an analyst, cautioned, “Sharaa’s appointees could enable unchallenged decrees, risking public trust in this fragile transition.”
Why It Matters
The vote tests Syria’s ability to build an inclusive government after 14 years of war and recent sectarian clashes, shaping its political future.
What’s Next
In October 2025, Sharaa’s leadership and appointee choices will determine if the election fosters unity or deepens divisions.
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