France was hit by a fresh wave of demonstrations on October 2, 2025, as thousands took to the streets in more than 240 cities. The rallies, led by the CGT union, voiced strong opposition to government budget cuts and called for urgent investment in public services.
Mounting Economic Pressures
The French government is under fire as the budget deficit climbed to 5.8% of GDP in 2024, nearly twice the EU’s 3% threshold. President Emmanuel Macron and new Prime Minister Sebastien Lecornu, who is still finalizing his cabinet, are now tasked with restoring economic stability while facing nationwide unrest.
What Unions Want
Labor groups are demanding sweeping changes, including:
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Higher taxes on wealthy citizens
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Greater funding for health care, schools, and other services
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Reversal of recent pension reforms
“Budget cuts will not be accepted,” declared CGT leader Sophie Binet, insisting on a financial plan that prioritizes ordinary people.
Scenes Across the Country
In Paris, high school students lit flares and blocked entrances, clashing with police officers stationed nearby. Similar demonstrations erupted in Dijon, Metz, Poitiers, and Montpellier, echoing earlier strikes staged in September by teachers and rail workers.
Heavy Security Presence
To control the unrest, Interior Minister Bruno Retailleau deployed 76,000 officers nationwide, including 5,000 in Paris. Authorities say the measures are necessary to ensure safety as protests spread across major cities.
Political Challenges Ahead
Prime Minister Lecornu must now convince parliament to approve the 2026 budget, a task made more difficult after his predecessor was forced out following a €44 billion austerity plan. Lawmakers agree on the need to reduce the deficit but remain divided on solutions.
Why It Matters
The demonstrations highlight a growing struggle between France’s push for fiscal discipline and citizens’ demands for social protection. With elections on the horizon, the outcome of this conflict could reshape Macron’s political standing.
What Comes Next
The government is expected to unveil the full budget proposal later in October. Unions have promised stronger strikes and street actions if austerity measures move forward, raising the risk of deeper political and economic disruption.
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